Introduction to Bookkeeping (ITBK) Unit
This unit provides students with an understanding of manual and digital bookkeeping systems, including the associated documents and processes. Students will learn the basic principles that underpin the double-entry bookkeeping system and will learn that digital accounting systems are automating some of the stages in the process.
Students will learn how to check the accuracy of invoices, credit notes, remittance advices, statements of account and petty cash vouchers. They will know how to use these documents to make entries in sales and purchases daybooks, sales and purchases returns daybooks, and discounts allowed and received daybooks using account codes, as well as how to transfer those totals to the sales, purchases and general ledgers. They will learn that entering these into a digital bookkeeping system is the same process as entering the transactions manually, although the way they are entered will vary from system to system.
The United Kingdom (UK) government department responsible for collecting taxes, HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC), offers more than one method of accounting treatment when prompt payment discount (PPD) is allowed and received. However, students at this level are only required to use credit notes to adjust for PPD. Using this approach, credit notes are recorded in separate daybooks, a discounts allowed daybook and/or a discounts received daybook, which removes the need for discount columns in the cash book. There is no requirement at this level for students to understand how to account for PPD by any other method.
This unit refers to value added tax or VAT. This is an indirect tax operating in the UK, but this type of tax may also operate and be known by another name in other countries.
The cash book and petty cash book are also covered in this unit, including making entries into both and transferring totals to the ledgers. Students will learn that entering transactions into the cash book of a digital bookkeeping system serves the same purpose as entering the transactions into a manual bookkeeping system. Students will make appropriate checks on the accuracy of supplier invoices and credit notes, reconcile supplier statements with the purchases ledger account and calculate payments due to suppliers. They will also calculate sales invoice and credit note amounts and check receipts from customers. Students will have learnt all stages necessary to process transactions using both manual and digital systems.
Reference to digital systems includes applications as well as both desktop and cloud accounting software.
Learning outcomes:
- Understand how to set up bookkeeping systems
- Process customer transactions
- Process supplier transactions
- Process receipts and payments
- Process transactions into the ledger accounts